Elementary Particles
Paul Dirac developed an equation for combining special relativity & quantum theory. The solution contained an electron with positive energy and a positive electron (positron) with negative energy. In 1930, Carl Anderson discovered the positron when he was studying cosmic particles. Both Dirac and Anderson were awarded Nobel Prizes for their discoveries. Dirac theorized for every particle there exists a corresponding antiparticle that exactly matches the particle but with opposite charge.
Antimatter is a mirror image of matter. Symmetry exist between the elementary particles. High Energy Physicists have identified the 24 symmetrical building blocks that compose the fundamental constituents as shown below:
Complements of Fermilab
The force carriers are the γ, photon, g, gluons, W -, W+ and Z bosons. Bosons are associated with a force. The photon is a unit of the electromagnetic force that holds an electron to the nucleus of an atom. A proton contains 2 up and 1 down quark; and anti-proton contains 2 anti-up and 1 anti-down quarks. Scientists at Fermilab and CERN are searching for the Higgs bosons. After the discovery of the positron (1932), anti-proton (1955), and anti-neutron (1956), scientists have been speculating on the existence of anti-stars and anti-planets.